On each media with no obvious differences observed.CulturecharacteristicsMost with the tropical red-coloured Hypomyces share the

On each media with no obvious differences observed.CulturecharacteristicsMost with the tropical red-coloured Hypomyces share the characters of speedy developing, intensely coloured colonies on various media (Figs 4, 5). Colours and their succession are more or less identical inside the strains studied, except for some species described under. On MEA whitish to buff mycelium develops just after inoculation, with thewww.studiesinmycology.orgP dMaaFig.four.Cultures of seven species of HypomycesCladobotryum grown at 25 in 1212 h alternating darkness and fluorescent light. A . H. samuelsii. D, E. H. virescens. F, G. C. heterosporum. H. C. indoafrum. I, J. C. semicirculare. K. C. protrusum. L. C. paravirescens. (A . G.J.S. 98-28; D. G.A. i1899; E. G.A. i1906; F, G. CBS 719.88; H. TFC 03-7; I, J. CBS 705.88; K. FSU 5077; L. TFC 97-23; C, J on PDA, rest on MEA. A, B, D, F, H, I after four d; C, G, J. 2 mo; E, K, L. 1 mo).Red-PigMented tRoPical HypomycesFig.5.Cultures of C. cubitense and H. get Hypericin gabonensis on MEA following 25 grown in 1212 h darkness and fluorescent light. A. C. cubitense G.A. i1361. B . H. gabonensis TFC 201156. B . Ochraceous colonies with the major anamorph, white coloniessectors with reddish reverse representing the secondary anamorph. (A, D grown for 1 mo; B, C, 2 wk; E, F two mo).Fig.6.Colony radius of 40 isolates of 12 tropical HypomycesCladobotryum species and ex-type culture of C. asterophorum grown for 4 d on MEA at four distinct temperatures. Values represent indicates of 2 experiments.www.studiesinmycology.orgP dMaa On PDA the colony appearance is equivalent to that on MEA, with much more intense colouration, turning from paler or darker egg-yolk yellow to crimson. The cottony aerial mycelium is usually more abundant, generally reaching the lid from the Petri dish all through the colony. On CMD all strains make colonies with scarce aerial mycelium and also the reverse turns vibrant yellow early. Usually the mycelium is homogenous PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21261437 with significantly less conidiation than observed on other media. Only in C. tchimbelense, C. heterosporum, and one particular strain of C. protrusum growth is fasciculate.GeographicdistributionThe sparse data resulting from sporadic collecting activities of Hypomyces in the tropics support Samuels (1996) who stated that most species in the Hypocreales are either temperate or tropical and subtropical. From the phylogenies presented herein, it appears obvious that the species developing in many (sub)tropical regions of your world are distinct from the well-known temperate species to which quite a few with the preceding tropical collections had been attributed. This conforms to the pattern detected in some taxa of the sister genus HypocreaTrichoderma in which detailed research have revealed extra refined geographic distribution for many on the species (e.g. Jaklitsch et al. 2006, Samuels 2006). In red HypomycesCladobotryum a number of closely connected tropical species kind the sister group of temperate taxa (Fig. 1, clades I and II, respectively). The rest from the tropical taxa represent earliest diverged lineages within the entire group that has also been observed in other hypocrealean fungi (e.g. O’Donnell et al. 2000). The information presented here, as well as unpublished observations, reveal that none from the red-pigmented HypomycesCladobotryum species crosses the line involving holarctic and paleo- andor neotropical distribution. Moreover, these results challenge the idea of pantropical distribution in the majority of the studied fungi. With two exceptions, the species occurring in tropical Am.