Forms of carbon supplies had been observed: (1) (two)Catalysts 2021, 11, x FOR PEER Review(three)

Forms of carbon supplies had been observed: (1) (two)Catalysts 2021, 11, x FOR PEER Review(three) (four) (five)Some CNTs had Ni NPs on their tip as shown in Figure 9B,C; and they grew following a tip-growth mode; Some CNTs were formed via a base-growth mode exactly where Ni particles anchored ten of 17 in to the catalyst support and CNTs grew based on the surface of Ni NPs, Figure 9D; C, as shown in Some bamboo-like CNTs were formed at higher temperature, i.e., 800 Figure 10A,B; Some metal-encapsulated carbon composites were Oxotremorine sesquifumarate References observed at larger tempera4) Some metal-encapsulated carbon composites were observedat higher temperature, forming forming onion-like carbon nanomaterials as shown in Figure 10C,D; ture, onion-like carbon nanomaterials as shown in Figure 10C,D; It was observed some massive size Ni Ni NPs have several crystal faces where CNTs 5) It was observed some large size NPs have a number of crystal faces where CNTs grew towards towards distinct orientations (Figure 10D). grew different orientations (Figure 10D).Figure 9. TEM micrographs of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts. 15wt Ni/SBA-15 soon after soon after 10 min of reaction Figure 9. TEM micrographs of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts. (A)(A) 15 wt Ni/SBA-15 10 min of reaction at 600 ; (B) 15wt Ni/SBA-15 right after 120 min of reaction at 600 ; (C) 15wt Ni/SBA-15 following 440 min at 600 C; (B) 15 wt Ni/SBA-15 after 120 min of reaction at 600 C; (C) 15 wt Ni/SBA-15 right after of reaction at 600 . A lot of CNTs with a base-growth mode were formed: (D) CNTs using a base 440 min mode on 15wt Ni/SBA-15 just after 440with ofbase-growth mode had been formed: (D) CNTs having a development of reaction at 600 C. Several CNTs min a reaction at 600 . base-growth mode on 15 wt Ni/SBA-15 immediately after 440 min of reaction at 600 C.The CNTs formation and growth modes may very well be correlated with the interaction strength among the Ni NPs and also the SBA-15 support. The H2-TPR profiles of Ni/SBA-15 shown in Figure 4 confirmed that there had been two types of Ni particles D-Isoleucine Purity around the SBA-15 assistance: a single weakly interacting with SBA-15, as evidenced by the low reduction temperature peak at 20080 ; and a different robust interacting with SBA-15, indicated by the TPR peak at higher temperature region in between 400 and 700 . When carbon atoms have been released in the CH4 decomposition around the surface in the Ni NPs strongly anchored in to the SBA-15, carbon nanotubes had been constructed around the Ni surface by way of the base-growthCatalysts 2021, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW11 ofCatalysts 2021, 11,stick to the tip-growth mode. These benefits are similar to these observed for Ni/Ce-MCM10 41 catalysts reported by Guevara et al. [21] as well as the coprecipitated Ni l and Ni u lof 15 catalysts reported by Shaikhutdinov et al. [34], where both, the tip-growth as well as the basegrowth modes of CNTs are proposed.Figure ten. TEM micrographs of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts. (A,B) CNTs with bamboo-like shape Figure 10. TEM micrographs of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts. (A) and (B) CNTs with bamboo-like shape on on 15wt Ni/SBA-15 after 120 min of reaction at 800 . (C) Onion-like carbons formation on 15 wt Ni/SBA-15 following 120 min of reaction at 800 C. (C) Onion-like carbons formation on 10wt Ni/SBA-15 immediately after 120 min of reaction at 800 . (D) CNTs grew toward distinct orientations 10 wt Ni/SBA-15 right after 120 min of reaction atat 800 C. (D) CNTs grew toward distinct orientaon 25wt Ni/SBA-15 right after 120 min of reaction 600 . tions on 25 wt Ni/SBA-15 right after 120 min of reaction at 600 C.Thus, it really is probable to manage the CNTs development modes by modifying the interacThe CNTs formation SB.