Types of carbon materials had been observed: (1) (2)CC-90005 supplier catalysts 2021, 11, x FOR

Types of carbon materials had been observed: (1) (2)CC-90005 supplier catalysts 2021, 11, x FOR PEER Critique(three) (four) (five)Some CNTs had Ni NPs on their tip as shown in Figure 9B,C; and they grew following a tip-growth mode; Some CNTs have been formed via a base-growth mode exactly where Ni particles anchored ten of 17 into the catalyst assistance and CNTs grew depending on the surface of Ni NPs, Figure 9D; C, as shown in Some bamboo-like CNTs have been formed at larger temperature, i.e., 800 Figure 10A,B; Some metal-encapsulated carbon composites have been observed at greater tempera4) Some metal-encapsulated carbon composites were observedat greater temperature, forming forming onion-like carbon nanomaterials as shown in Figure 10C,D; ture, onion-like carbon nanomaterials as shown in Figure 10C,D; It was observed some big size Ni Ni NPs have a number of crystal faces exactly where CNTs five) It was observed some large size NPs have various crystal faces exactly where CNTs grew towards towards distinctive orientations (Figure 10D). grew different orientations (Figure 10D).Figure 9. TEM micrographs of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts. 15wt Ni/SBA-15 immediately after immediately after ten min of reaction Figure 9. TEM micrographs of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts. (A)(A) 15 wt Ni/SBA-15 ten min of reaction at 600 ; (B) 15wt Ni/SBA-15 after 120 min of reaction at 600 ; (C) 15wt Ni/SBA-15 following 440 min at 600 C; (B) 15 wt Ni/SBA-15 right after 120 min of reaction at 600 C; (C) 15 wt Ni/SBA-15 after of reaction at 600 . Several CNTs using a base-growth mode had been formed: (D) CNTs using a base 440 min mode on 15wt Ni/SBA-15 after 440with ofbase-growth mode have been formed: (D) CNTs using a development of reaction at 600 C. Lots of CNTs min a reaction at 600 . base-growth mode on 15 wt Ni/SBA-15 just after 440 min of reaction at 600 C.The CNTs formation and growth modes could be correlated using the interaction strength in between the Ni NPs and also the SBA-15 assistance. The H2-TPR profiles of Ni/SBA-15 shown in Figure four confirmed that there have been two kinds of Ni particles on the SBA-15 assistance: one particular weakly interacting with SBA-15, as evidenced by the low reduction temperature peak at 20080 ; and one more strong interacting with SBA-15, indicated by the TPR peak at high temperature region between 400 and 700 . When carbon atoms had been released in the CH4 decomposition around the surface of the Ni NPs strongly anchored into the SBA-15, carbon nanotubes were constructed on the Ni surface via the base-growthCatalysts 2021, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW11 ofCatalysts 2021, 11,comply with the tip-growth mode. These final ��-Lapachone Epigenetics results are related to those observed for Ni/Ce-MCM10 41 catalysts reported by Guevara et al. [21] plus the coprecipitated Ni l and Ni u lof 15 catalysts reported by Shaikhutdinov et al. [34], exactly where each, the tip-growth and the basegrowth modes of CNTs are proposed.Figure 10. TEM micrographs of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts. (A,B) CNTs with bamboo-like shape Figure ten. TEM micrographs of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts. (A) and (B) CNTs with bamboo-like shape on on 15wt Ni/SBA-15 right after 120 min of reaction at 800 . (C) Onion-like carbons formation on 15 wt Ni/SBA-15 just after 120 min of reaction at 800 C. (C) Onion-like carbons formation on 10wt Ni/SBA-15 soon after 120 min of reaction at 800 . (D) CNTs grew toward various orientations 10 wt Ni/SBA-15 just after 120 min of reaction atat 800 C. (D) CNTs grew toward various orientaon 25wt Ni/SBA-15 after 120 min of reaction 600 . tions on 25 wt Ni/SBA-15 just after 120 min of reaction at 600 C.Consequently, it really is possible to control the CNTs development modes by modifying the interacThe CNTs formation SB.