AMP-activated, alpha two catalytic subunit Protein kinase, AMP-activated, beta 1 non-catalytic subunit ProteinAMP-activated, alpha 2

AMP-activated, alpha two catalytic subunit Protein kinase, AMP-activated, beta 1 non-catalytic subunit Protein
AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit Protein kinase, AMP-activated, beta 1 non-catalytic subunit Protein kinase, AMP-activated, beta two non-catalytic subunit Protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, alpha Protein kinase, cAMP dependent, catalytic, beta Protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 1 non-catalytic subunit Solute carrier family members 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 1 MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 7 Ubiquinol – cytochrome c reductase, complex III subunit VII COX17 cytochrome c oxidase assembly homolog (S. cerevisiae) Cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV isoform 1 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIa polypeptide 2 like Mitofusin 1 Mitofusin 2 Clpb caseinolytic peptidase B homolog (E. coli) (i.e. HSP78) Calcium/calmodulin-CD161, Human (HEK293, Fc) dependent protein kinase kinase two, beta Serine/threonine kinase 11 (i.e. LKB1) Peroxisome proliferator – activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 beta Tumor protein p53 Ppargc1 Ndufs7 Uqcrq Cox17 Cox4i1 Cox7a2l mfn1 mfn2 clpb Camkk2 Stk11 Ppargc1b Tp53 -2.14 -2.24 -1.48 -1.68 -1.72 -1.35 -2.41 -3.21 -2.three -1.77 -1.86 -2.69 -2.19 0.03 0.015 0.05 0.011 0.02 0.049 0.01 0.028 0.039 0.017 0.029 0.012 0.025 Acot12 Acot7 Acot8 Acox1 HSPA5/GRP-78 Protein Formulation Acsbg1 Acsl6 Bdh1 Cpt1c Cpt2 Crat Decr1 Echs1 Eci2 Ehhadh Fabp3 Gcdh Gpd2 Hadha Hmgcl Lipe Lpl Pecr Ppa1 Prkaa2 Prkab1 Prkab2 Prkaca Prkacb Prkag1 Slc27a1 2.88 -1.86 -1.44 -2.1 2.09 -1.98 -2.55 -1.49 -2.02 -2.69 -2.05 -2.39 -1.79 -3.29 -2.84 -1.97 -2.64 -2.23 -1.51 -2.14 -2.31 -1.67 -1.78 -2.09 -3.96 -1.7 -2.03 -1.65 -1.77 -2.02 0.026 0.017 0.02 0.032 0.034 0.029 0.036 0.027 0.001 0.011 0.03 0.004 0.049 0.034 0.017 0.013 0.028 0.035 0.03 0.03 0.025 0.013 0.03 0.034 0.041 0.041 0.005 0.031 0.002 0.03 Gene symbol Fold Regulation p-valuegenes related to FAO is probably explained by decreased PPAR protein content in old hearts compared to young. This getting suggests that in the aged heart, modifications in PPAR is most likely to occur downstream of gene expression. Lastly, we demonstrated that the gene expression of AMPK2 decreased with age, whichis the important catalytic subunit in the heart and responsible for the phosphorylation of downstream proteins that confer AMPK’s effect on energy metabolism within the heart (Dolinsky and Dyck, 2006). Also, we identified decreased gene expression inside the aging heart of two protein kinases (CaMKK2 LKB1)Frontiers in Physiology | www.frontiersin.orgAugust 2016 | Volume 7 | ArticleBarton et al.Gene Expression Modifications Aged HeartFIGURE two | Fold adjustments in gene expression Old and Old + EXE hearts relative to young hearts (Values are the Means sirtuininhibitorS.E.M, n = 5 per group). (A) Genes involved in fatty acid transport and oxidation decline with age and this attenuation will not be mitigated with physical exercise. (CPT1c, Carnitine-palmitoyl transferase 1c; CPT2, Carnitine palmitoyl transferase two; FATP, Fatty acid transporter; FABP3, Fatty acid binding protein three; HADHA, Hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-Coenzyme A thiolase/enoyl-CoA hydratase (trifunctional protein); LPL, Lipoprotein lipase). (B) AMPK signaling decrements with age involve modifications inside the gene expression of AMPK subunits and upstream kinases. (AMPK2, Protein kinase; AMP, activated alpha two catalytic subunit; AMPK1, Protein kinase; AMP, activated beta 1 non-catalytic subunit; AMPK1, Protein kinase; AMP, activated gamma 1 non-catalytic sununit; Camkk2, Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 beta; LK.